ABOUT THIS MURTYRAMA BLOG
I have created my new blog MURTYRAMA for creating a gallery of photographs and my writings on photography, including my memoirs of my long journey in photography which began c. 1950 when I started living in Patna when my father came there to serve in the bihar Rashta Bhasha Parishad. This blog will also contain my musings on the art of photography and even painting, with a selection of great specimens from both fields. Here I present first a photo I took in 1952 when I visited an Industrial Training Institute in Digha (Patna) as part of my Departmental excursion (Geography). I sent the photo and it won a second prize of Rs 25 and published in The Illustrated Weekly of India.
And then there are a few more from the same period, the 50s of the last century, all taken with a Kodak or Gaevert Box camera or a little later by my favourite Agfa Isolette camera which remained with me till 1958 when it was stolen by a neighbour. I shall record more memories by and by, but first these early photos:
All these are (C) Dr BSM Murty and cannot be republished even privately without a due acknowledgement to Dr BSM Murty. For more contact : bsmmurty@gmail.com or Mob. 7752922938 (WApp).
THROUGH THE LENS
The megapixel has arrived with the
mobile.And it has the ‘selfie’ tied in its tail.The social media is now awash
with snaps, snaps and snaps – some nice, mostly poor or indifferent. Selfies
and family photos, with lots of tourist photos are chock-a-block on the Facebook.
Mostly without captions! The onlooker in most cases can’t make out what’s what
and where and why. It’s a great festival of narcissism!
For all practical purposes this is a
democratization of photography, an escalation from its elitist past as an art.
You don’t need the elaborate paraphernalia of a roll film, special lenses,
filters, then the hassle and cost of film processing, printing or enlargements.
One soft touch is enough. Everything is built-in in the phone-camera itself
including automatic focussing, exposure control, and post-click editing. All
botheration gone!
But, ah, those good old days of the art of
photography! And my memory travels back half a century and more into the
1950s.Those glamorous days of Hasselblad, Leica and Rolliflex, with all their
complex attachments including the tripod, down to the little Kodak Baby
Brownie, so cute like a tiny lap dog or cat! It was indeed my first camera, the
only one I could afford as a schoolboy. It used a 127 size film. I still have
some 127 size negatives of family snaps. But some landscape scenes also.
Then, as I entered college and my passion
for photography deepened with the dawn of adolescence, I graduated to the Kodak
Box 620 and an Agfa Isolette 120. I became a regular visitor to the Trivedi
Studio in Patna and became a proper disciple of Jayanti Bhai, the greatest
portraitist of his time in Bihar. I would cut classes in Patna College, across
the road, and spend hours learning darkroom techniques of film development and
enlargement from my master, Subsequently I even built a personal darkroom at
home with an improvised enlarger with my Isolette camera attached to a wooden
box.
I began experimenting with all aspects of
photography both in and out of the darkroom. I also got interested in
film-making, though I lacked means to buy a movie camera. (My father was
already extremely annoyed with my time and money wastage in photography!) But I
became a member of the Photographic Society in Patna College where, its
Secretary, my Senior, Bhavesh Jha became my mentor in filmography, though most
of it I learnt from books in the focal series. Slowly I buikt up a modest
library of books on photography and movie-making.But it’s a long story and can
be told only in instalments.
I begin it today with this brief post with
some of my photographs of the ’50s. The first one of a gas welder at his work.
The photograph won a second prize of Rs 25 and was published in the Illustrated
Weekly of India, It was sometime in 1952 when I was in my first year. I was a
Geography student and our professor had taken a batch of us to the Patna
Industrial Training Institute at Digha. I took this photo and some others shown
here with my Agfa Isolette camera. But some of my earlier photos of my school
days taken with a Kodak Baby Brownie and Gaevert box cameras will be included
in my subsequent posts.
The
other photos shown here are of my college days, mostly taken by my Isolette
camera.No.2 is of smoking chimneys in a factory on way to my village.No.3 is of
a ploughing farmer taken also near my village. No.4 is of electricians on
repair work somewhere in Patna. And finally no.5 is of village boys taken
somewhere in Benipur where I would often spend my vacations with my childhood
friend Jittin, second son of Benipuriji, who was “chachaji’ to me.
On Painting & Painters pds:16724
[For more type name of artist
in Google & look for The ArtStory entry where you also find beauriful
quotes of the artist at the top. Looking at the opening page you will also see
information about films on some of them. For paintings of most of these
painters see ‘Paintings’ file in PHOTOS NEW MM file on Desktop]
Edouard Manet : 1832-1883
"I paint what I see and not what others like to see."
Édouard Manet was the most important and influential artist to have heeded
poet Charles
Baudelaire's call to artists to
become painters of modern life. Manet had an upper-class upbringing, but also
led a bohemian life, and was driven to scandalize the French
Salon public with his disregard for academic
conventions and his strikingly modern images of urban life. He has long been
associated with the Impressionists; he was certainly an important influence on them and he learned much from
them himself. However, in recent years critics have acknowledged that he also
learned from the Realism and Naturalism of his French contemporaries, and even from 17th century Spanish painting. This twin interest
in Old Masters and contemporary Realism gave him the crucial foundation for his
revolutionary approach.
Édouard
Manet was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century
artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition
from Realism to Impressionism.
Edgar Degas : 1834-1917
Edgar Degas
was a French Impressionist artist famous for his pastel drawings and oil
paintings. Degas also produced bronze sculptures, prints, and drawings. Wikipedia
Always remembered as
an Impressionist, Edgar Degas was a member
of the seminal group of Paris artists who began to exhibit together in the
1870s. He shared many of their novel techniques, was intrigued by the challenge
of capturing effects of light and attracted to scenes of urban leisure. But
Degas's academic training, and his own personal predilection toward Realism, set him apart from his
peers, and he rejected the label 'Impressionist' preferring to describe himself
as an 'Independent.' His inherited wealth gave him the comfort to find his own
way, and later it also enabled him to withdraw from the Paris art world and
sell pictures at his discretion. He was intrigued by the human figure, and in
his many images of women - dancers, singers, and laundresses - he strove to
capture the body in unusual positions. While critics of the Impressionists
focused their attacks on their formal innovations, it was Degas's lower-class
subjects that brought him the most disapproval.
Paul Cezanne :1839-1906
Paul
Cézanne was a French Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes
of representation and influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early
20th century. Wikipedia
- Born: January
19, 1839, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Died: October
22, 1906, Aix-en-Provence, France
Paul Cézanne was the
preeminent French artist of the Post-Impressionist era, widely
appreciated toward the end of his life for insisting that painting stay in
touch with its material, virtually sculptural origins. Also known as the
"Master of Aix" after his ancestral home in the South of France,
Cézanne is credited with paving the way for the emergence of twentieth-century
modernism, both visually and conceptually. In retrospect, his work constitutes
the most powerful and essential link between the ephemeral aspects of Impressionism and the more
materialist, artistic movements of Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, and even complete
abstraction.
Claude Monet: 1840-1926
Oscar-Claude
Monet was a French painter and founder of impressionism painting who is seen as
a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he
perceived it. Wikipedia
- Born: November
14, 1840, Paris, France
- Died: December
5, 1926, Giverny, France
Claude
Monet was the leader of the French Impressionist movement, literally
giving the movement its name. As an inspirational talent and personality, he
was crucial in bringing its adherents together. Interested in painting in the
open air and capturing natural light, Monet would later bring the technique to
one of its most famous pinnacles with his series paintings, in which his
observations of the same subject, viewed at various times of the day, were
captured in numerous sequences. Masterful as a colorist and as a painter of
light and atmosphere, his later work often achieved a remarkable degree of
abstraction, and this has recommended him to subsequent generations of abstract
painters.
Pierre Auguste Renoir : 1841-1919
Pierre-Auguste Renoir [1] (
French: [pjɛʁ oɡyst ʁənwaʁ]; 25 February 1841 – 3 December 1919) was
a French artist who was a leading painter in the
development of the Impressionist style.
Pierre-Auguste
Renoir was a French Impressionist painter whose eye for
beauty made him one of the movement's most popular practitioners. He is best
known for his paintings of bustling Parisian modernity and leisure in the last
three decades of the 19th century. Though
celebrated as a colorist with a keen eye for capturing the movement of light
and shadow, Renoir started to explore Renaissance painting in the middle of his
career, which led him to integrate more line and composition into his mature
works and create some of his era's most timeless canvases.
Paul Gauguin: 1848-1903
Eugène
Henri Paul Gauguin was a French painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and
writer, whose work has been primarily associated with the Post-Impressionist
and Symbolist movements. Wikipedia
- Born: June
7, 1848, Paris, French Second Republic
- Died: May
8, 1903, Atuona, French Polynesia
Paul Gauguin is one of the
most significant French artists to be initially schooled in Impressionism, but who broke away from
its fascination with the everyday world to pioneer a new style of painting
broadly referred to as Symbolism. As the Impressionist movement was
culminating in the late 1880s, Gauguin experimented with new color theories and
semi-decorative approaches to painting. He famously worked one summer in an
intensely colorful style alongside Vincent Van Gogh in the south of
France, before turning his back entirely on Western society. He had already
abandoned a former life as a stockbroker by the time he began traveling
regularly to the south Pacific in the early 1890s, where he developed a new
style that married everyday observation with mystical symbolism, a style
strongly influenced by the popular, so-called "primitive" arts of Africa, Asia,
and French Polynesia. Gauguin's rejection of his European family, society, and
the Paris art world for a life apart, in the land of the "Other," has
come to serve as a romantic example of the artist-as-wandering-mystic.
Vincent Van Gogh : 1853-1890
Vincent van
Gogh was a Dutch painter, generally considered to be the greatest
after Rembrandt van Rijn, and one of the greatest of
the Post-Impressionists. He sold only one artwork during his life,
but in the century after his death he became perhaps the most recognized
painter of all time.
During his 10-year artistic
career, Vincent van Gogh created a vivid personal style, noted for
its striking colour, emphatic brushwork, and contoured forms. His
achievement is all the more remarkable for the brevity of his career and considering
the poverty and mental illness that dogged him.
Vincent van Gogh’s
career as an artist was extremely short, lasting only the 10 years from 1880 to
1890. Before that he had various occupations, including art dealer, language
teacher, lay preacher, bookseller, and missionary worker.
Gustave Klimt : 1862-1918
Gustav
Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members
of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals,
sketches, and other objets d'art. Wikipedia
- Born: July
14, 1862, Baumgarten, Austrian Empire
- Died: February
6, 1918, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
- Cause of Death: Pneumonia
Gustav Klimt (born July 14, 1862, Vienna, Austria—died February 6, 1918, Vienna)
was an Austrian painter, founder of the school of painting known as the Vienna Sezession.
After studying at the Vienna School of Decorative
Arts, Klimt in 1883 opened an independent studio specializing in the execution
of mural paintings. His early work had a classical style that was typical of late 19th-century academic painting, as can be
seen in his murals for the Vienna Burgtheater (1888) and on the staircase of
the Kunsthistorisches
Museum.
The Kiss, oil on canvas by Gustav Klimt, 1908–09; in the
Belvedere Museum, Vienna. 180 × 180 cm.(more)
In 1897 Klimt’s mature style emerged, and he
founded the Vienna
Sezession, a group of painters who
revolted against academic art in favour of a highly decorative style similar
to Art Nouveau. Soon thereafter he painted three allegorical murals for the ceiling of
the University
of Vienna auditorium that were
violently criticized; the erotic symbolism and pessimism of these works created such a scandal that
the murals were rejected. His later murals, the Beethoven Frieze (1902)
and the murals (1909–11) in the dining room of the Stoclet House in Brussels,
are characterized by precisely linear drawing and the bold and arbitrary use of
flat, decorative patterns of colour and gold leaf.
Klimt’s most successful works include The Kiss (1908–09) and a series of portraits of fashionable Viennese matrons,
such as Fritza Riedler (1906) and Adele
Bloch-Bauer I (1907).
In these works he treats the human figure without shadow and heightens the lush
sensuality of skin by surrounding it with areas of flat, highly ornamental,
brilliantly composed areas of decoration.
Klimt, Gustav: Adele Bloch-Bauer I
Adele Bloch-Bauer I, oil, silver, and gold on canvas by Gustav Klimt,
1907; in the Neue Galerie, New York City.(more)
During World War II Adele Bloch-Bauer I and several other Klimt paintings
belonging to the Bloch-Bauer family were confiscated by the Nazis and eventually added to the collection of the Österreichische
Gallery in Vienna. These works
later became the focus of a lengthy legal battle, and in 2006 they were finally
returned to the family. Later that year Adele Bloch-Bauer I was
sold to the Neue Galerie in New York City for a then-record price of $135 million.
“Klimt’s art is renowned for its ornamental opulence and emotive depth. In
"Portrait of a Lady," the meticulous detail in the dress and the
subtle yet expressive features of the woman’s face reflect Klimt’s fascination
with female beauty and complexity. His technique involves layers of pattern and
color that create a tactile depth, making his figures almost mythic.” (See the painting"Portrait of a
Lady," in PAINTINGS NAMED File)
Henri Matisse : 1869-1964
“What
interests me most is neither still life or landscape; but the human figure. It
is that which best permits me to express my so-to-speak religious awe towards
life.
Exactitude
is not truth.
Henri
Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest colorist of the 20th century and as a rival to Pablo Picasso in the importance of
his innovations. He emerged as a Post-Impressionist, and first achieved
prominence as the leader of the French movement Fauvism. Although interested in Cubism, he rejected it, and
instead sought to use color as the foundation for expressive, decorative, and
often monumental paintings. As he once controversially wrote, he sought to
create an art that would be "a soothing, calming influence on the mind, rather
like a good armchair." Still life and the nude remained favorite subjects
throughout his career; North Africa was also an important inspiration, and,
towards the end of his life, he made an important contribution to collage with
a series of works using cut-out shapes of color. He is also highly regarded as
a sculptor. (see ArtStory link for his quotes)
Pablo Picasso : 1881-1973
Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.
Every act of creation is first an act of destruction.
For those who know how to read, I have painted my
autobiography.
Learn the
rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist.
I paint
objects as I think them , not as I see them.
Art washes
away from the soul the dust of everyday life. (See 15 quotes @ The ArtStory
link)
Pablo
Picasso was the most dominant and influential artist of the first half of the
20th century. Associated most of all
with pioneering Cubism, alongside Georges Braque, he also invented collage and made major
contributions to Symbolism and Surrealism. He saw himself above all
as a painter, yet his sculpture was greatly influential, and he also explored
areas as diverse as printmaking and ceramics. Finally, he was a famously
charismatic personality; his many relationships with women not only filtered
into his art but also may have directed its course, and his behavior has come
to embody that of the bohemian modern artist in the popular imagination.
Amedeo Modigliani: 1884-1920
A
central participant in the École de Paris, Modigliani modernized two of the
enduring themes of art history: the portrait and the nude. Characterized by a
sense of melancholy, elongated proportions, and mask-like faces influenced by
such sources as Constantin Brancusi and African art,
Modigliani's portraits are both specific and highly stylized, each uniquely
revealing its sitter's inner life, while at the same time unmistakably
"Modiglianized," to use the words of one critic. Modigliani's nudes
scandalized audiences with their depiction of features such as pubic hair and
their frank, unadorned sexuality. The subject of three biographical movies,
Modigliani's legacy is inextricably bound up with his tragic and bohemian life:
his fragile health, which plagued him since childhood; his perpetual
pennilessness; and - most famously - his over-the-top, self-destructive
lifestyle, which included sexual debauchery and overuse of drugs and alcohol.
Marc Chagall : 1887-1985
See his quotes at The ArtStory
page
Marc
Chagall was a Belarusian-French artist. An early modernist, he was associated
with the École de Paris as well as several major artistic styles and created
works in a wide range of artistic formats, including painting, drawings, book
illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramics, tapestries and fine art
prints. Wikipedia
- Born: July
6, 1887, Lyozna, Belarus
- Died: March
28, 1985, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France
Marc Chagall's poetic,
figurative style made him one of most popular modern artists, while his long
life and varied output made him one of the most internationally recognized.
While many of his peers pursued ambitious experiments that led often to abstraction,
Chagall's distinction lies in his steady faith in the power of figurative art,
one that he maintained despite absorbing ideas from Fauvism and Cubism. Born in Russia, Chagall
moved to France in 1910 and became a prominent figure within the
so-called École de Paris. Later he spent time in the United States
and the Middle East, travels which reaffirmed his self-image as an archetypal
"wandering Jew."
Salvadore Dali :1904-1989
Salvador
Dalí is among the most versatile and prolific artists of the 20th century and the most famous Surrealist. Though chiefly
remembered for his painterly output, in the course of his long career he
successfully turned to sculpture, printmaking, fashion, advertising, writing,
and, perhaps most famously, filmmaking in his collaborations with Luis Buñuel and Alfred Hitchcock. Dalí was renowned for his flamboyant
personality and role of mischievous provocateur as much as for his undeniable
technical virtuosity. In his early use of organic morphology, his work bears
the stamp of fellow Spaniards Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró. His paintings also evince
a fascination for Classical and Renaissance art, clearly visible
through his hyper-realistic style and religious symbolism of his later work.
(see quotes@TheArtStory page)
For
more paintings of these masters see the File PAINTINGS (Named) in LT
Also
see Google for Movements in Modern European Painting (Notes below)
The Most Famous Art Movements
and Styles
Essential
Art Movements and Styles
·
Rococo
Abstract Expressionism
The designation ‘Abstract Expressionism’ encompasses a wide
variety of American 20th-century art movements in abstract art. Also known as The New York School, this
movement includes large painted canvases, sculptures and other media as well.
The term ‘action painting’ is associated with Abstract Expressionism,
describing a highly dynamic and spontaneous application of vigorous
brushstrokes and the effects of dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas.
Classicism
The principles embodied in the styles, theories, or philosophies
of the different types of art from ancient Greece and Rome, concentrating on
traditional forms with a focus on elegance and symmetry.
Art Nouveau
A decorative style that flourished between 1890 and 1910
throughout Europe and the U.S. Art Nouveau, also called Jugendstil (Germany)
and Sezessionstil (Austria), is characterized by sinuous, asymmetrical lines
based on organic forms. Although it influenced painting and sculpture, its
chief manifestations were in architecture and the decorative and graphic arts,
aiming to create a new style, free of the imitative historicism that dominated
much of 19th-century art movements and design.
Avant-garde
In French, avant-garde means “advanced guard” and refers to
innovative or experimental concepts, works or the group or people producing
them, particularly in the realms of culture, politics, and the arts.
Baroque
The term Baroque, derived from the Portuguese ‘barocco’ meaning
‘irregular pearl or stone’, is a movement in art and architecture
developed in Europe from the early seventeenth to mid-eighteenth century.
Baroque emphasizes dramatic, exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted,
detail, which is a far cry from Surrealism, to produce drama, tension,
exuberance, and grandeur.
Classicism
The principles embodied in the styles, theories, or philosophies
of the different types of art from ancient Greece and Rome, concentrating on
traditional forms with a focus on elegance and symmetry.
Developed by the Russian avant-garde around 1915, constructivism
is a branch of abstract art, rejecting the idea of “art for art’s sake” in
favour of art as a practice directed towards social purposes. The movement’s
work was mostly geometric and accurately composed, sometimes through
mathematics and measuring tools.
Cubism
An artistic movement began in 1907 by artists Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque who developed a visual language whose geometric planes
challenged the conventions of representation in different types of art, by
reinventing traditional subjects such as nudes, landscapes, and still lifes as
increasingly fragmented compositions.
Emerging in France before the First World War, Art Deco exploded
in 1925 on the occasion of the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Exhibition of
Decorative Arts). Blurring the line between different mediums and fields, from
architecture and furniture to clothing and jewelry, Art Deco merged modern
aesthetic with skillful craftsmanship, advanced technology, and elegant
materials.
Developed by the Russian avant-garde around 1915, constructivism
is a branch of abstract art, rejecting the idea of “art for art’s sake” in
favour of art as a practice directed towards social purposes. The movement’s
work was mostly geometric and accurately composed, sometimes through
mathematics and measuring tools.
Dada
/ Dadaism
An artistic and literary movement in art formed during the First
World War as a negative response to the traditional social values and
conventional artistic practices of the different types of art at the time. Dada
artists represented a protest movement with an anti-establishment manifesto,
sought to expose accepted and often repressive conventions of order and logic
by shocking people into self-awareness.
Digital Art broadly covers a variety of creative practices that
employ different electronic technologies and result in a final product that is
also digital. From computer graphics to virtual reality, from artificial
Intelligence to NFT technology, the Digital Art spectrum is wide, innovative,
and under the spotlight of the contemporary art market.
Expressionism
Expressionism is an international artistic movement in art,
architecture, literature, and performance that flourished between 1905 and
1920, especially in Germany and Austria, that sought to express the meaning of
emotional experience rather than physical reality. Conventions of the
expressionist style include distortion, exaggeration, fantasy, and vivid,
jarring, violent, or dynamic application of color in order to express the
artist’s inner feelings or ideas.
Coined by the critic Louis Vauxcelles, Fauvism (French for “wild
beasts”) is one of the early 20th-century art movements. Fauvism is associated
especially with Henri Matisse and André Derain, whose works are characterized
by strong, vibrant colour and bold brushstrokes over realistic or
representational qualities.
Futurism
Fairly unique among different types of art movements, it is an
Italian development in abstract art and literature, founded in 1909 by Filippo
Tommaso Marinetti, aiming to capture the dynamism, speed and energy of the
modern mechanical world.
An artistic and literary movement in art formed during the First
World War as a negative response to the traditional social values and
conventional artistic practices of the different types of art at the time. Dada
artists represented a protest movement with an anti-establishment manifesto,
sought to expose accepted and often repressive conventions of order and logic
by shocking people into self-awareness
Minimalism
Another one of the art movements from the 1960s, and typified by
works composed of simple art, such as geometric shapes devoid of
representational content. The minimal vocabulary of forms made from humble
industrial materials challenged traditional notions of craftsmanship, the
illusion of spatial depth in painting, and the idea that a work of abstract art
must be one of a kind.
Neo-Impressionism
A term applied to an avant-garde art movement that flourished
principally in France from 1886 to 1906. Led by the example of Georges Seurat
and Paul Signac, Neo-Impressionists renounced the spontaneity of Impressionism
in favour of a measured and systematic painting technique known as pointillism,
grounded in science and the study of optics.
Neoclassicism
Almost the opposite of pop art in terms of inspiration, this style
is one that arose in the second half of the eighteenth century in Europe,
drawing inspiration from the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and
Ancient Rome, which is not uncommon for art movements.
Post-Impressionism
Coined in 1910, the term ‘Post-Impressionism’ describes the
reaction against the Impressionists’ naturalistic depiction of light and
colour. Artists like Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh developed
personal styles unified by their interest in expressing their emotional and
psychological responses to the world through bold colours and often symbolic
images.
Precisionism
Precisionism was the first real indigenous modern art movement in
the United States and contributed to the rise of American Modernism. Taking its
cues from Cubism and Futurism,
Precisionism was driven by a desire to bring structure back to art and
celebrated the new American landscape of skyscrapers, bridges and factories.
Rococo
Rococo is a movement in art, particularly in architecture and
decorative art, that originated in France in the early 1700s. Rococo art
characteristics consist of elaborate ornamentation and a light, sensuous style,
including scrollwork, foliage, and animal forms.
Surrealism
Founded by the poet André Breton in Paris in 1924, Surrealism was
an artistic and literary movement that was active through World War II. The
main goal of Surrealism painting and Surrealism artworks was to liberate
thought, language, and human experience from the oppressive boundaries of
rationalism by championing the irrational, the poetic and the revolutionary.
Symbolism
Symbolism emerged in the second half of the 19th century, mainly in Catholic European countries where
industrialisation had developed to a great degree. Starting as a literary
movement, Symbolism was soon identified with a young generation of painters who
wanted art to reflect emotions and ideas rather than to represent the natural
world in an objective way, united by a shared pessimism and weariness of the
decadence in modern society.
There are some
more, lesser known, styles (see list above). Also see link below.
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movements-and-styles/
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